Shang 商 dynasty

Concerning the Shang dynasty there could/can  be found significantly more sources contrasting to the times of the Xia dynasty. For example it's a matter of common knowledge that the last capital of this early dynasty was located in Yin (today's Anyang 安阳 市).

The Shang dynasty provide the basis for the Chinese historiography. Numerous archaeological grave finds, material artifacts and oracle bone inscriptions can be dated back to the Shang dynasty.

Moreover, the Palaces and temples of the Shang dynasty had a major influence on Chinese architecture. In addition, the royal city of the Shang dynasty was already framed by a city wall. This reflects a form of urban planning which was common and characteristic during the entire history of China.

In ancient times the king was a shaman who represented the highest power in the "state". During the Shang dynasty, different social classes became apparent. There were 20 aristocratic families, which, for the protection of the empire, were provided with armrests outside the “capital”. Officials were also enfeoffed. The third social class was represented by the common people.

The craftsmen were masters of bronze casting, jade work, and mastered lacquer work. Artists made images of gods and people out of bronze.

The oracle bone inscriptions are only known since the last 100 years and were actually an accidental finding. These inscriptions are characterized by their religious character.